专题15社会生活、说理议论类C【2018·全国I】Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whenthetheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit(联系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcentres,trade,industrialisation.thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation.Especiallyglbalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanyLanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish．SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.Atpresent,theworldhasabout6800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages.Oftenspokenbymanypeoplewhilehot.wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200Languages:theAmericasabout1,000.Africa2400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位数)ofspeakersisamere6.000,whichmeansthathalftheworldslanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof,6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡),withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon(eightremainingspeakers),ChiapanecoinMexico(150).LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,withaquestion-mark):noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.28.Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhuntergatherertimes?A.Theydevelopedveryfast.B.Theywerelargeinnumber.C.Theyhadsimilarpatters.D.Theywerecloselyconnected29.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains"dominant"underlinedinparagraph2？A.Complex.B.Advanced.C.Powerful.D.Modem.30.Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?A.About6800B.About3400C.About2.400D.About1-20031.Whatistheminideaofthetext?A.Newlanguageswillbecreated.B.PeopleslifestylesarereflectedinlanguagesC.HumandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguagesD.Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.【答案】28.B29.C30.B31.C【解析】本文是一篇议论文.文章讲述了随着社会的发展人类语言越来越少及其原因.29.猜测词义题.根据文章第二段中的dominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.可知,英语、西班牙语和汉语正在替代其他语言.由此推知dominantlanguages意为：强有力的语言.故选C.30.细节理解题.根据文章第三段中的Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.和Themediannumber(中位数)ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld’slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.可知,目前世界上大约有6800种语言,但是讲的人数少于6000人的占一半即3400.故选B.31.主旨要义题.根据文章第一段中的主题句Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.可知,语言的产生和消失进行了几千年,但最近时代语言产生的少,消失的太多.故选C.点睛：长难句解读Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.分析：and连接两个并列句,前面的介词短语in...作时间状语,all和前面的名词短语是同...
