Unit2Englisharoundtheworld课时作业Ⅰ.阅读理解(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhuntergatherers,small,tightlyknit(联系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenationstateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeoplewhilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1,000;Africa2,400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位数)ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld'slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡),withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon(eightremainingspeakers),ChiapanecoinMexico(150).LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,withaquestionmark):noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了随着社会的发展人类语言越来越少的现象及其原因。1．Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhuntergatherertimes?A．Theydevelopedveryfast.B．Theywerelargeinnumber.C．Theyhadsimilarpatterns.D．Theywerecloselyconnected.答案：B推理判断题。根据第一段第二、三句可知，当人类社会处在原始社会，人们以狩猎为生时，小而联系紧密的群落形成了他们彼此之间独立的语言模式。当世界上的人口数量在五百万到一千万时，语言种类达到了12,000种。由此推知，当时的语言种类很多。故选B。2．Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“dominant”underlinedinParagraph2?A．Complex.B．Advanced.C．Powerful.D．Modern.答案：C词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“dominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover”可知，英语、西班牙语和汉语越来越占据统治地位。由此推知，dominant意为“占优势的；强大的”。故选C。3．Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?A．About6,800.B．About3,400.C．About2,400.D．About1,200.答案：B细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.”和“Themediannumber(中位数)ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld'slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.”可知，目前世界上大约有6,800种语言，但是讲的人数少于6,000人的占一半，即3,400。故选B。4．Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A．Newlanguageswillbecreated.B．People'slifestylesarereflectedinlanguages.C．Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.D．Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.答案：C主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句和第二段第二句可知，本文所讲的主要内容为：随着时代的发展，语言在逐渐消失和减少。故选C。(2020·山东师大附中高三第一次模拟考试)YoumaybesurprisedtolearnthatEnglishgets30to45percentofitswordsfromFrench.Thereasongoesbacktotheyear1066,whenNormanforcesinvaded(入侵)whatisnowBritain.Th...
