《呐喊》《彷徨》看与被看结构再探析摘要 鲁迅通过《呐喊》《彷徨》中“看与被看”情节结构模式的书写，以极为犀利的笔触描绘出了被看者的心理状态。这一情节结构模式不仅蕴含着鲁迅对于国民性的深刻批判，也饱含了鲁迅对启蒙的深刻洞见。在《呐喊》《彷徨》中，鲁迅对于阿 Q 和祥林嫂这类庸众期待被看心理的书写，显示了他期以“立人”思想改造国民性的启蒙立场，但其对吕纬甫、N 先生以及涓生这类独异个人的期待被看心理的书写，又表明了他对于启蒙效力的某种质疑。《呐喊》《彷徨》中对启蒙话语的言说和对启蒙话语的拷问这两种对立话语，恰恰彰显了鲁迅反抗绝望的韧性启蒙姿态，凸显了一种“韧性的反抗”的启蒙意志。关键词 鲁迅 《呐喊》《彷徨》 看与被看 期待被看心理 启蒙意志A further analysis of the structure of seen and be seen in Shout and HesitationAbstract Lu Xun described the psychological state of the beholder with extremely sharp strokes through the writing of the plot structure mode of "see and be seen" in Shout and Hesitation. This plot structure mode not only contains Lu Xun's profound criticism of national character, but also Lu Xun's profound insight into enlightenment. In Shout and Hesitation, Lu Xun described the psychology of expecting to be seen of the mediocre people such as Ah Q and Xianglin Sao shows his enlightenment position of reforming the national character by "establishing people", but he described the psychology of expecting to be seen of enlighteners such as Lu Weifu, Mr. N and Juansheng shows his doubts about the enlightenment effect. In Shout and Hesitation, the existence of two paradoxes of opposite discourses:the discourse of enlightenment and the torture of the discourse of enlightenment, shows Lu Xun's tenacious attitude of enlightenment against despair and his will of Enlightenment of "tenacious resistance".Key words Lu Xun "Shout" and "Hesitation" See and be seen A psychology of expecti...
