L1 to L2 Writing Process and Strategy Transfer: A Look at Lower Proficiency WritersAbstractThis article examines the composing process and writing strategies of three lower proficiency Japanese subjects in their L1 and L2. This study found that while some L1 strategies may transfer to the L2 writing processes, lower proficiency writers struggle in utilizing all strategies that could help their writing process in the L2. The results suggest several compensating strategies for dealing with L2 language issues and facilitating L1 composing process transfer. Finally, suggestions for teachers are given so that teachers can help students discover and utilize existing strategies within their L1 and L2 composing processes as well as compensating strategies to improve their L2 writing. Review Of LiteratureWriting in a second language (L2) is a challenging and complex process. While the first language (L1) writing process includes producing content, drafting ideas, revising writing, choosing appropriate vocabulary, and editing text, writing in an L2 involves all of these elements jumbled with second language processing issues. In the case of lower L2 proficiency writers, these L2 issues can overwhelm the writing process, even to the point of a complete breakdown of the process (Bereiter & Scardimalia,1987). L1 Use to Drive L2 WritingWriting in a second language (L2) is a challenging and complex process. While the first language (L1) writing process includes producing content, drafting ideas, revising writing, choosing appropriate vocabulary, and editing text, writing in an L2 involves all of these elements jumbled with second language processing issues. In the case of lower L2 proficiency writers, these L2 issues can o...
