摘 要众所周知，人口问题密切关系着经济发展和社会进步，计划生育政策作为一项基本国策，在控制人口数量时，起着至关重要的作用。但近些年来，人口老龄化严重、出生性别比失调等问题日益凸显，为了解决这一系列问题，我国自从 2016 年起全面实施二孩新政。新政实施后，咸阳市城镇居民有怎样的生育意愿？影响生育意愿的因素到底有哪些？这些都将是本文研究的主要内容。本研究利用文献法、问卷调查法和统计分析法，对咸阳市城镇居民二孩生育意愿和影响因素做了研究。调查结果表明，咸阳市城镇居民二孩生育意愿为50%；二孩性别偏好较为淡化；儿女双全成为理想组合模式；经济条件成为影响生育意愿的主要因素；职业、城镇差异、受教育程度和居民年龄都对生育意愿有较大影响；觉得一个孩子太孤单，两个孩子可以形成伙伴关系，更有利于孩子成长，这是居民选择生育二孩的主要原因。二孩新政的实施势必会对教育、医疗等其他公共服务带来一定影响，为了提高实施效果，政府应加大政策宣传，落实基础建设，完善公共服务，合理调整人口发展趋势，促进社会和谐稳定发展！关键词 ：全面二孩;城镇居民;影响因素;生育意愿AbstractAs we all know, the population problem closely related to economic development and social progress. Family planning policy as a basic national policy, in controlling the population, plays a vital role, but in recent years, the population aging is serious, the sex ratio imbalance and other issues have become increasingly prominent. In order to solve this series of problems, China since 2016 since the full implementation of the two children New Deal. After the implementation of the New Deal, Xian yang City, urban residents have what kind of fertility? What are the factors that affect fertility willingness? Which will be the main content of this study.In this study, we use literature, questionnaire and statistical analysis to study the fertility willingness and influencing factors of urban residents in Xian yang City. The survey results show that the urban residents of Xian yang City, two children w...
