放学后：儿童时间的分配和控制——以 T 市学龄期儿童为例 摘要：近年来为了响应教育部门给儿童“减负”、“增添快乐”的号召，各地学校纷纷实行了“弹性放学时制”，旨在将课堂时间还给儿童，给予其更多的课余时间自由分配但奇怪的是，课余时间更多的孩子们却有了更多的烦恼。本文通过考察学龄期儿童的时间分配对减负后又补充的种种安排进行了批判和反思。“减负”并不意味着激发儿童天性使其自由地成长和发展，而是通过更精细、更隐秘的方式实现对儿童时间的分配和控制，现代社会正以一种更精密、更理性的方式实现着对儿童的掌控。具体表现在两方面：(一)参与时间分配的主体多样化并相互叠加；(二)课余时间内的作息安排更加细致，同时也赋予了更重要的价值，呈现出“个性化”、“细致化”、“理性化”的特点以及“学社融合的趋势”。研究表明，现代社会对儿童的治理方式正在悄然地转变，在此过程中，关于儿童减负与增负、期望和负担、自由与规训的讨论正是生动的写照。当下的学龄期儿童正面临一种“理性的驯化”，其童年处于危机之中。关键词：学龄期儿童;课余时间；时间分配；儿童治理；童年危机After school: distribution and control of children's time——An investigation of school age children in T CityAbstract : In recent years, in response to the call of the education department to "reduce the burden" and "increase the happiness" for children, schools around the world have implemented the "flexible after school system", which aims to return the classroom time to children and give them more free distribution of after-school time. However, it is strange that children with more after-school time have more troubles. This paper criticizes and reflects on the arrangement of time distribution of school-age children. "Reducing the burden" does not mean to stimulate children's nature to grow and develop freely, but to realize the distribution and control of children's time in a more subtle and secret way. Modern society is realizing the control of children in a more precise and rational way.(1)The subjects p...
