第四单元科学技术科技翻译在引入外域技术信息和文化的同时，也向世界传播中国文化和科技信息。从事科技翻译的先决条件是译者必须掌握相关学科的专业知识，特别是专门科技文本，由于其学术性强，外行人几乎是不可能翻译好的。即使是通俗科技文章，译者也应通晓相关学科的基础知识才行。此外，译者良好的原语和译入语功底也是成功翻译的必备条件，否则便无法在透彻理解原文的基础上写出自然贴切的译文。科技术语的翻译应遵守概念准确，一词一义的单义性原则，简明易懂、见词明义的简洁性原则和符合译入语言及其科技语体规范的原则。科技文章本身有一种平淡叙事的特点，因而译文也可用平铺直叙的语言，把理论和事实叙述清楚就行了。文字越平易，用词越浅显，就越容易被读者所理解，这一点与文学语言截然不同。科技文章翻译还应保持科技文体的风格，也就是客观性。科技英语多用非人称代词 it 或用某个事物做主语而避免用人称代词 you,I或 he,译文中应该保持这种风格。第七课英语科技资料汉译英汉对比赏析一、英语原文ScientistsFindBugsThatEatWasteandExcretePetrol(Excerpt)ByChrisAyresSiliconValleyisexperimentingwithbacteriathathavebeengeneticallyalteredtoprovided‘renewablepetroleum'1] “TenyearsagoIcouldneverhaveimaginedI'dbedoingthis,”saysGregPal,33,aformersoftwareexecutive,ashesquintsintothelateafternoonCaliforniansun.“Imean,thisisessentiallyagriculture,right?ButtothepeopleItalktoespeciallytheonescomingoutofbusinessschoolthisistheonehotareaeveryonewantstogetinto.”2] Hemeansbugs.Tobemoreprecise:thegeneticalterationofbugsvery,verysmallonessothatwhentheyfeedonagriculturalwastesuchaswoodchipsorwheatstraw,theydosomethingextraordinary.Theyexcretecrudeoil.3] Unbelievably,thisisnotsciencefiction.Mr.Palholdsupasmallbeakerofbugexcretionthatcould,theoretically,bepouredintothetankofthegiantLexusSUVnexttous.NotthatMr.Paliswillingtoriskitjustyet.Hegivesitamonthbeforethefirstvehicleisfilleduponwhathecalls“renewablepetroleum”.“Afterthat,”hegrins,“it'sabravenewworld.”4] Mr.PalisaseniordirectorofLS9,,oneofseveralcompaniesinornearSiliconValleythathavespurnedtraditionalhigh-techactivitiessuchassoftwareandnetworkingandembarkedinsteadonanextraordi...
