陀思妥耶夫斯基小说的“小人物”摘要 “小人物”这一题材在 19 世纪俄国文坛上占有不可忽视的地位，陀思妥耶夫斯基是 19 世纪俄国文学史上的卓越代表，继普希金与果戈里之后，他也关注了“小人物”这一形象系列。在他的小说中，展现了 19 世纪俄国新旧交替时期“小人物”的心灵与精神的焦虑，突出了“小人物”精神痛苦的整体发展过程。并且陀氏笔下的这些“小人物”，大都身份普通、地位低下但又有着强烈的自尊心，心地善良但有时表现又很复杂，物质生活的贫乏和精神压抑是造成他们绝境的主要原因 ，在他们的身上呈现出了精神分裂、内心分裂的特点。而陀思妥耶夫斯基笔下“小人物”的特殊性，不仅在于他以极端精神性的敏感来感受“小人物”的人生痛苦，还在于“小人物”们表现出的紧张激烈性的心理冲突。无论是陀思妥耶夫斯基对苦难的冷静剖析，还是对人物心灵的拷问，都显示出了他笔下“小人物”灵魂的深。关键词 陀思妥耶夫斯基 “小人物” 精神特质 绝境“Small Potatoes” in Dostoevsky’s NovelsAbstract “small potatoes” this subject in the 19th century Russian literature occupies a pivotal position, Dostoevsky is an outstanding representative of Russian literature in the 19th century, after Pushkin and Gogol, he also pays attention to the image series of “small potatoes” . In his Novels, it shows the psychological and spiritual anxieties of “small potatoes” in the 19th century Russia, highlighting the whole development process of their mental pain.And most of these “small potatoes” in Tuo's works are ordinary in status, low in status and have strong self-esteem,they are kind-hearted but sometimes very complicated, the lack of material life and spiritual repression are the main reasons of their despair, which shows the characteristics of spiritual division and spiritual division. The particularity of Dostoevsky's “small potatoes” lies not only in his extreme spiritual sensitivity to feel the life pain of “small potatoes” , but also in the intense psychological...
