英语被动语态【知识总结归纳】一.概念:表示动作与主语之间是被动关系的句子是被动语态。二.主动语态与被动语态之间如何转换WeVisitedthatfactorylastsummerT 主动语态主语二谓语/宾语状语ThatfactOrywksViSitedbyuslastsummerT 被动语态主语谓语宾语—状语熟练转换A.将主动语态变被动语态的基本方法为:① 将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语;② 谓语动词变为“be+及物动词的过去分词”,并通过 be 的变化来表达出不同的时态;③ 主动语态的主语变为介词 by 的宾语,组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。(有时 by 短语可以省略)。2.被动语态的一般疑问句是将一个助动词置于主语之前;否定句是在第一个助动词后加 not;特殊疑问句的语序为:疑问词+—般疑问句。例如:① Youmustthrowthebrokenpotteryawayatonce.Thebrokenpotteryatonce.(同义句)(填 mustbethrownaway)② Wheredidtheygrowvegetables?(改为被动语态)Wherevegetables?(填 were;grown)B.被动语态的使用1.当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时,常用被动语态,这时往往不用 by 短语。“Mr.White,thecupwasbrokenafterclass.”2•突出或强调动作的承受者,如果需要说出动作的执行者,用 by 短语。TheserecordsweremadebyJohnDenver.ThecupwasbrokenbyPaul.3.当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者,也不是动作的承受者时,这时常用 in+名词作状语,而代替 by 短语。ThesecarsweremadeinChina.三.各种不同时态的主动语态与被动语态的对比时态主动语态被动语态一般现在时am/is/are+P.P.(1)DotheyspeakFrench?(2)Theydon'tusetheroom.IsFrenchspokenbythem?Theroomisn'tusedbythem.一般过去时 was/were+p.p.(1)Thehunterkilledatiger.(2)Hewrotemanystorieslastyear.Atigerwaskilledbythehunter.Manystorieswaswrittenbyhimlastyear.现在进行时(1)TheseworkersareAnewbridgeisbeingbuiltam/is/are+being+p.p.buildinganewbridge.(2)Heismendinghiscar.bytheseworkers.Hiscarisbeingmendedbyhim.过去进行时was/were+being+p.p.(1)Hewassellingbooks.(2)Theywerediscussingtheplanatthattime.Bookswerebeingbuiltbyhim.Theplanwasbeingdiscussedbythematthattime.现在完成时have/has+been+p.p.(1)ShehaslearnedmanyEnglishwords.(2)Hehasfinishedthework.ManyEnglishwordshavebeenlearnedbyher.Theworkhasbeenfinishedbyhim.过去完成...