定语从句与宾语从句定语从句一.定语从句的基本概念在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的有关系代词who,whom,whose,which,that和关系副词where,when,why。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成份。例：Thisistheboywhooftenhelpsme.二.关系代词和关系副词的功能关系代词和关系副词用来引导定语从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系代词可作主语、宾语、定语，关系副词可作状语。1.作主语：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。例：Idon’tlikepeoplewhotalkmuchbutdolittle.2.作宾语例：SheisthepersonthatImetattheschoolgateyesterday.3.作定语：关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。例：What’sthenameoftheyoungmanwhosefatherisadoctor?4.作状语例：I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.三.关系代词和关系副词的具体用法1.who指人，在定语从句中作主语。例：Theboywhoiswearingtheblackjacketisveryclever.2.whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略。例：Doyouknowtheyoungman(whom)wemetatthegate？3.whose指人，在定语从句中作定语。例：Thegirlwhosemotherisillisstayingathometoday.4.which指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语。作宾语时可省略。例：Adictionaryisabookwhichgivesthemeaningofwords.5.that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时可省略。例：Whoisthepersonthatisreadingthenewspaperoverthere?6.when指时间，在定语从句中作状语。例：I’llneverforgetthetimewhenweworkedonthefarm.7.where指地点，在定语从句中作状语。例：Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisintheeastofthecity.【注意】关系代词whom，which在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将whom与which与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后面。例：Thatwastheroominwhichwehadlivedfortenyears.=Thatwastheroomwhichwehadlivedinfortenyears.四.特殊用法1.只用that不用which的情况（1）先行词是all,few,little,nothing,everything,anything等不定代词时。例：Allthathesaidistrue.（2）先行词被only,no,any,oneof等词修饰时。例：ThegiantpandaisoneofthemostlovelyanimalsintheworldthatliveinthemountainsofChina.（3）先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例：ThedeskisthesecondthingthatIhavemade..（4）先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。例：ThisisthebestbookthatIhavereadthisyear.（5）先行词既包括人又包括物时。例：Hetalkedaboutthepeopleandthethingsthatheremembered.2.只用which不用that的情况（1）在非限制性定语从中。例：Themeetingwasputoff,whichwasexactlywhatwewanted.（2）定语从句由介词+关系代词引导，先行词是物时。例：Thethingaboutwhichheistalkingisofgreatimportance.定语从句练习1.YesterdayLiMingwenttothevillage________hevisitedfiveyearsago.A.whereB.whoC.that2.Thegirl________isreadingismysisterA.whoB.whomC.which3.Theyliketoliveinahouse________isnotverybigbutbrightandcomfortable.A.thatB.whoC.what4.Whenshegothome,thefirstthing________shedidwastocleanthehouse.A.whichB.whatC.that5.RunningmanisaveryrelaxingTVprogram________ishotamongtheyoungpeople.A.whatB.whichC.who6.Thephoto________takenbymybrotherlastweekisverynice.A.whichwereB.thatwereC.whichwas7.Chinahastheworld’slongesthigh-speedrailway________weareproudof.A.thatB.whichC.what8.Thosepeopleandexcitingstories________happenedinthemoviearewellworthlearningtous.A.whichB.whoC.that9.Idon'tlikethose________talkmuchbutdolittle.A.whoB.whoseC.which10.---Dad,I'mhungry.Dowehaveanythingtoeat?---Youcanhavesomebread________fromthesupermarket.It'sonthetable.A.whichIambuyin...
