语法知识一名词名词单复数，名词的格式(一)名词单复数1.一般情况，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds2.以 s. x. sh. ch 结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变 y 为 i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries4.以“f 或 fe”结尾，变 f 或 fe 为 v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives5.不规则名词复数：man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-micechild-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese不可数名词的复数就是原型：paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea(二)名词的格(1) 有生命的东西的名词所有格：a) 单数后加 ’s 如: Lucy’s ruler my father’s shirtb) 以 s 结尾的复数名词后加 ’如: his friends’ bagsc) 不以 s 结尾的复数后加 ’s children’s shoesl 并列名词中，如果把 ’s 加在最后一个名词后，表示共有, 如:Tom and Mike’s car 汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车 l 要表示所有物不是共有的，应分别在并列名词后加’sTom’s and Mike’s cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车(2)表示无生命东西的名词通常用“ of +名词”来表示所有关系：如:a picture of the classroom a map of China二冠词不定冠词，定冠词种类：(1) 不定冠词：a / an a unit / an uncle 元音开头的可数名词前用 an :an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress / an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an houran old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson /(2)定冠词：the the egg the plane2. 用法:定冠词的用法：(1)特指某(些)人或某(些)物：The ruler is on the desk.(2)复述上文提到的人或物：He has a sweater. The sweater is new.(3)谈话双方都知道的人或物：The boys aren’t at school.(4)在序数词前：John’s birthday is February the second.(5)用于固定词组中：in the morning / afternoon / evening 不用冠词的情...
