Unit3ATasteofUnit3ATasteofTravelTravel((一一))语态分类语态分类英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。Theywillbuildanewbridgeovertheriver.(主动)Anewbridgewillbebuiltovertheriver.(被动)汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：助动词助动词be+be+及物动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词构成。((二二))被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化主要体现在be的变化上，其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。以givegive为例，列表如下：一般现在时：am/is/are+given一般过去时：was/were+given一般将来时：shall/will+be+given现在进行时：am/is/are+being+given现在完成时：have/has+been+given过去完成时：had+been+given过去进行时：was/were+being+given过去将来时：should/would+be+given将来完成时：shall/will+havebeen+given过去将来完成时：should/would+havebeen+given［［注］被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。注］被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。((三三))被动语态常用的八种时态被动语态常用的八种时态1.一般现在时：Peoplegrowriceinthesouthofthecountry.RiceRiceisgrownisgrowninthesouthofthecountry.inthesouthofthecountry.Theschooldoesn'tallowustoenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher.WeWearenotallowedarenotallowedtoenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher.toenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher.2.一般过去时：Thestudentsdidn'tforgethislessonseasily.HislessonsHislessonswerenotwerenoteasilyeasilyforgotten.forgotten.3.一般将来时：Theywillsendcarsabroadbysea.CarsCarswillbesentwillbesentabroadbysea.abroadbysea.4.过去将来时：Themanagersaidtheywouldcompletetheprojectbytheendoftheyear.ThemanagersaidThemanagersaidtheprojecttheprojectwouldbecompletedwouldbecompletedbythebytheendoftheyearendoftheyear.Theworkerstoldmetheywouldmendthecarassoonaspossible.TheworkerstoldmethatTheworkerstoldmethatthecarthecarwouldbemendedwouldbemendedasassoonaspossible.soonaspossible.5.现在进行时：TheradioisbroadcastingEnglishlessons.EnglishlessonsEnglishlessonsarebeingbroadcastedarebeingbroadcastedontheradio.ontheradio.Wearepaintingtherooms.TheroomsTheroomsarebeingpainted.arebeingpainted.6.过去进行时：Thistimelastyearwewereplantingtreeshere.TreesTreeswerebeingplantedwerebeingplantedherethistimelastyear.herethistimelastyear.7.现在完成时：Someonehastoldmethesportsmeetmightbeputoff.Ihavebeentoldthesportsmeetmightbeputoff.Ihavebeentoldthesportsmeetmightbeputoff.Wehavebroughtdowntheprice.Thepricehasbeenbroughtdown.Thepricehasbeenbroughtdown.8.过去完成时：WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheytheyhadalreadysoldouthadalreadysoldoutthethetickets.tickets.WhenIgottothetheatre,IfoundWhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheticketstheticketshadalreadybeensoldhadalreadybeensoldout.out.PeoplePeoplehadconsideredhadconsideredhimtobeagreatleader.himtobeagreatleader.HeHehadbeenconsideredhadbeenconsideredtobeagreatleader.tobeagreatleader.9.含有情态动词的被动语态：含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。Youmusthandinyourcompositionsafterclass.YourcompositionsYourcompositionsmustbehandedinmustbehandedinafterclass.afterclass.Hecanwriteagreatmanyletterswiththecomputer.AgreatmanylettersAgreatmanyletterscanbewrittencanbewrittenwiththecomputerbyhim.withthecomputerbyhim.((四四))被动语态的使用被动语态的使用1.当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用不用byby短语。“Mr.White,thecupwithmixturewasbrokenaftercla...
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