时频分析及在旋转机械故障诊断中应用刘功生南华大学机械工程学院，湖南 衡阳421001 摘要： 旋转机械故障信号常非平稳信号为，而时频分析是非平稳信号比较有力的分析工具。为加深对时频分析方法及其应用的了解，从时频分析方法的的基本概念和在旋转机械故障诊断的应用特点入手，概括性介绍了四种典型的时频分析方法的优缺点及应用。最后详细介绍了小波变换方法及其应用，为时频分析技术在旋转机械故障诊断中的应用提供了理论依据。关键字： 旋转机械；故障诊断；非平稳信号；时频分析方法；小波变换Time-frequency analysis and its application to fault diagnosis of rotary machines Gongsheng Liu Academy of mechanical engineering, Hunan Hengyang 421001 Abstract: The fault signal of rotary machines are always the non-stationary signal. To deal with a non-stationary signal time-frequency analysis techniques are widely used. To gain a better understanding of time-frequency analysis and its application, the basic concept and the application characteristics of fault diagnosis in rotary machines are first described. Then the characteristics of four typical time-frequency analysis techniques are generally described. At last the Wavelet transform technique and its application are introduced in detail. All the introduces are providing theoretical basis to the time-frequency techniques of fault diagnosis in rotary machines. Keywords: Rotary machine; Fault diagnosis; Non-stationary signal; Time-frequency techniques; Wavelet transform 1前言旋转机械是机械设备的重要组成部分，如大型石油、 化工、 电力、冶金等行业的汽轮机、发电机、鼓风机、压缩机等都是典型的旋转机器[1]。随着科学技术的进步与发展，对设备的可靠性与安全性要求越来越高，从而突显旋转机械故障诊断技术的重要性。而在故障诊断过程中， 最关键的是故障特征信息的提取，而特征信息的提取须借助于信息处理，特别是现代信号处理的理论方法和技术手段。对于旋转机械而言，当其发生故障时的振动信号，大量是非平稳、非线性的信号[2]，而传统的傅里叶变换要求信号是平稳...
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